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Involuntary Consent: The Illusion of Choice in Japan’s Adult Video Industry

為了解決Conservatively的問題，作者Takeyama, Akiko 這樣論述：

The popularity of pornography is predicated on the idea those participating have given their consent. That is what allows the porn industry to dominate the media economy today, generating staggering sums of money. Looking at behind-the-scenes negotiations and abuses in Japan’s massive adult video in

dustry, Akiko Takeyama challenges this pervasive notion with the idea of involuntary consent. This phenomenon, she argues, is ubiquitous, not only in the porn industry, but in our everyday lives, and yet modern society, built on beliefs of autonomy, free choice, and equality, renders it all but invi

sible.Japan’s AV industry alone generates a conservatively estimated ＄5 billion a year. In recent years, it has drawn public attention, and criticism, as a result of a series of arrests and trials of former talent agency owners and executives. This led to a report calling for a systematic investigat

ion of the industry over the issue of forced performance. This report had ripple effects far beyond Japan, as the US Department of State subsequently also cited forced performance as a rights violation. Using this moment as an entry point, Takeyama argues that contract-making writ large is based on

fundamentally dualistic terms, implying consent and pleasure on the one hand, and coercion and pain on the other. Because sex workers are employed on a contract basis, they fall outside of the purview of standard labor and employment laws. As a result, they are frequently forced to comply with what

production companies (most of whom center male fantasies) demand. In this ethnography of Japan’s porn industry, Akiko Takeyama investigates the paradox of involuntary consent in modern liberal democratic societies. Taking consent as her starting point, Takeyama illustrates the nuances of Japan’s por

nographic and sex work industries and the legal structures, or lack thereof, that govern them. Akiko Takeyama is Associate Professor of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at the University of Kansas. She is the author of Staged Seduction (SUP 2016), which was shortlisted for the 2017 Michelle Ro

saldo Book Prize.

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應用HHT於水位自動資料檢核系統

為了解決Conservatively的問題，作者蕭武賢 這樣論述：

臺灣地區河川水位變化頻繁，由於水位資料需要現地監測取得，但現地可能有各種狀況，如儀器故障、傳輸異常及人為疏失等干擾，皆會影響其數據真實性，因此原始資料必須先執行品管檢核程序，將異常且不合理數據過濾排除，以利提供於水文研究分析較準確之數據使用。本研究所建立之自動化檢核程序利用希爾伯特-黃轉換(Hilbert-Huang ransform, HHT)達到檢核之目標，此方法為黃鍔博士於2009年所提出之時頻分析法，將訊號進行拆解並且分析各自瞬時頻率與振幅能量之相互關係。首先使用整體經驗模態分解法(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, EEMD)進行拆解，瞭解

此訊號之組成要素因子，為有限個本質模態函數(Intrinsic Mode Functions, IMF)以及一個剩餘函數(residual)，為達到辨識出異常值特徵，因此需最大程度表現出水位變化之突波(spike)與異常值的IMF分量，故而僅選擇第一個IMF分量進行希爾博伯特轉換(Hilbert Transform, HT)，轉換後可取得其時間-振幅能量關係圖，觀察該分量之振幅起伏對應真實水位情況，可知道其異常值之振幅數值，當振幅數值越大就可能有異常值出現，反之則為趨向合理情況，藉由觀察各點之振幅數值大小，設定一閥值作為過濾異常值之判斷依據，將超過閥值的點位過濾並排除，而選定閥值大小能控制品管

檢核結果，故可調節不同閥值進一步左右篩選結果，以此達到自動化檢核水位資料之目的。本研究使用傳統人工品管檢核作為標準取得該閥值，利用此閥值完成自動化檢核之最終篩選依據。為降低人工檢核時之人為因子影響結果，故而選定以與人工品管檢核結果約95%相似，若較保守設定其閥值，可盡量避免破壞原始數據之真實物理意義，篩選結束後仍可使用人工檢查確保其數據正確。依據品管檢核的結果得知，可發現自動化檢核可篩選出幾乎全部的異常值，將人工觀察到之明顯突波異常值，能盡量過濾剃除，並且對篩選結果以線性內插進行資料補遺，讓水位資料以連續且完整狀態呈現。自動化檢核程序相比人工檢核程序，能縮短檢核時間且節省檢核人員精力，提供更為

穩定運作之水位品管檢核程序，亦可更為靈活地根據不同篩選需求調整過濾門檻。

Involuntary Consent: The Illusion of Choice in Japan’s Adult Video Industry

為了解決Conservatively的問題，作者Takeyama, Akiko 這樣論述：

The popularity of pornography is predicated on the idea those participating have given their consent. That is what allows the porn industry to dominate the media economy today, generating staggering sums of money. Looking at behind-the-scenes negotiations and abuses in Japan’s massive adult video in

dustry, Akiko Takeyama challenges this pervasive notion with the idea of involuntary consent. This phenomenon, she argues, is ubiquitous, not only in the porn industry, but in our everyday lives, and yet modern society, built on beliefs of autonomy, free choice, and equality, renders it all but invi

sible.Japan’s AV industry alone generates a conservatively estimated ＄5 billion a year. In recent years, it has drawn public attention, and criticism, as a result of a series of arrests and trials of former talent agency owners and executives. This led to a report calling for a systematic investigat

ion of the industry over the issue of forced performance. This report had ripple effects far beyond Japan, as the US Department of State subsequently also cited forced performance as a rights violation. Using this moment as an entry point, Takeyama argues that contract-making writ large is based on

fundamentally dualistic terms, implying consent and pleasure on the one hand, and coercion and pain on the other. Because sex workers are employed on a contract basis, they fall outside of the purview of standard labor and employment laws. As a result, they are frequently forced to comply with what

production companies (most of whom center male fantasies) demand. In this ethnography of Japan’s porn industry, Akiko Takeyama investigates the paradox of involuntary consent in modern liberal democratic societies. Taking consent as her starting point, Takeyama illustrates the nuances of Japan’s por

nographic and sex work industries and the legal structures, or lack thereof, that govern them. Akiko Takeyama is Associate Professor of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at the University of Kansas. She is the author of Staged Seduction (SUP 2016), which was shortlisted for the 2017 Michelle Ro

saldo Book Prize.

Liposome-Encapsulated Anthraquinone improves efficacy and safety in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

為了解決Conservatively的問題，作者GEORGE, THOMASHIRE ANITA 這樣論述：

Background:Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, is highly heterogeneous, with high rates of relapse and distant metastasis, especially to the brain a

nd lung. Treatment of TNBC is a challenge because it lacks druggable targets and gene profiling shows six different subtypes which have distinct responses to different therapies.This shows that the ideal treatment strategy is the use of multi-targeting agents or a combination of agents.Drugs contain

ing anthraquinone scaffolds have shown to have enormous potential in cancer treatment and previous studies have shown that combining thiadiazole-fused anthraquinone scaffolds with other side chains expands the range of activities of the synthesized molecules, increasing its potency against several c

ancer cell lines.Small molecules are often limited by poor targeting and retention at tumor sites, as well as having poor pharmacokinetics. This leads to increased toxicity and rapid clearance from the bloodstream. Drug delivery carriers, such as liposomal formulations, can overcome these limitation

s, resulting in enhanced targeting, better efficacy, and reduced toxicity.Aim:The aim of this study is to develop a novel agent for TNBC therapy by screening a series of nitrogen-substituted anthra[1,2-c][1,2,5] thiadiazole-6,11-dione anthraquinone derivative small molecules. Upon selection of a sui

tably potent molecule, a drug delivery system will be formulated and characterized, aiming to improve drug therapeutic index and efficacy and, reduce toxicity.Materials and Methods:Eight in-house synthesized molecules were screened against two TNBC cell lines. Todetermine selectivity for breast canc

er cells one non-tumourigenic cell line was also used. Viability and cytotoxicity assays were performed, and “RV-59” was identified as the most suitable molecule. However, this molecule was poorly soluble in aqueous buffers and was relatively toxic to non-cancer cells. To overcome this, a liposome w

as developed which could encapsulate RV-59 with high efficiency and improve its activity. The liposome was formed using thin film hydration of lipids and cholesterol then sized by extrusion. The final liposomal formulation, LipoRV, was characterized by cryo-electron microscopy, dynamic light scatter

ing and dialysis to measure drug release. In-vitro assays were performed to compare LipoRV with the free molecule RV-59 and in-vivo studies were used to determine the therapeutic potential of LipoRV, as well as gather toxicity and safety data. RNA sequencing was used to examine the RV-59 mechanism o

f action and key differentially expressed proteins were confirmed by antibody array.Results:RV-59 was found to be one of the most potent molecules against both TNBC cell lines based on the in vitro screening. It was found to inhibit the cell cycle and induced necrosis and apoptosis. After liposome f

ormation, dynamic light scattering confirmed a single population of 91.02 ± 42.46 nm, PDI 0.081. Cryo-EM confirmed spherical uni-lamellar liposomes. LipoRV showed improved cell uptake and a four-fold increase in selectivity for cancer cells. It induced apoptosis and inhibited cell cycle readily and

demonstrated efficient inhibition of cell growth.In a TNBC xenograft mouse model, tumour volume was significantly reduced by LipoRVcompared to the free drug, clearing tumours in 85 % of animals. LipoRV also demonstrated an increased half-life and good safety profile compared to RV-59, without detrim

ental offtarget effects on organs or serum biochemical markers. Biodistribution analysis showed a higher drug serum concentration and reduced urinary output for LipoRV compared to RV-59.RNA sequencing of treated cells showed strong upregulation of cytokine and TNF-alphasignaling pathway and down reg

ulations genes related to extra cellular matrix components. A membrane-based antibody array confirmed the differential expression of multiple cytokines following LipoRV treatment.Conclusion:This study showed that encapsulating a thiadiazole-fused anthraquinone scaffold-basedmolecule into liposome gr

eatly improves its efficacy, reducing toxicity. This molecule shows immense potential for future use in TNBC therapy.